Gastroenterologie

Semne, cauze si factorii de risc parazitoze intestinale

Semne si simptome:

  • Diaree
  • Durere/sensibilitate abdominala
  • Continut aeric excesiv – borborisme, eructatii, flatulenta, meteorism
  • Senzatie de greata sau varsaturi
  • Scadere in greutate si anorexie
  • Dizenterie, hemoragica (rara, dar asociata cu Entamoeba histolytica, Balantidium coli)
  • Prurit anal (E. vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, S. stercoralis, cestode)
  • Evidentierea unui vierme intestinal sau a unui segment in materiile fecale
  • Accentuarea zgomotelor intestinale
  • Rash perirectal sau vulvar

Cauzele parazitozelor intestinale:

  • Protozoare patogene:
    • Giardia lamblia
    • Entamoeba histolytica
    • Cryptosporidium
    • Isospora belli
    • Balantidium coli
    • Cyclospora cayetanensis
    • Microsporida
  • Protozoare nepatogene posibile
    • Dientamoeba fragilis
  • Protozoare nepatogene probabile
    • Toate celelalte specii de Entamoeba
    • Endolimax nana
    • Toate celelalte microorganisme intestinale flagellate
  • Patogeni helmintici – nematode (viermi circulari)
    • Enterobius vermicularis
    • Trichuris trichiura
    • Ascaris lumbricoides
    • Viermi in carlig (Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale)
    • Strongyloides stercoralis
    • Capillaria philippinensis
    • Specii de Trichostrongylus
  • Patogeni helmintici – trematode
    • Fasciolopsis buski
    • Clonorchis sinensis
    • Opisthorchis viverrini
    • Heterophyes heterophyes
    • Fasciola hepatica
    • Paragonimus westermani
    • Schistosoma mansoni
    • S. japonicum
    • S. hematobium
    • S. mekongi
  • Patogeni helmintici – cestode (viermi lati)
    • Taenia saginata
    • Taenia solium
    • Diphyllobothrium latum
    • Hymenolepis nana
    • Hymenolepis diminuta
    • Dipylidium caninum

Factorii de risc asociati parazitozelor intestinale:

  • Varsta (la copii)
  • Situatie socio-economica precara
  • Igiena deficitara – personala, a alimentelor, a apei
  • Calatorii peste hotare
  • Aglomerari umane – gradinite de copii, aziluri
  • Afectiuni medicale intercurente, sarcina, hipoaciditate gastrica, imunosupresie (SIDA)